TABLE OF CONTENTS
Descriptive Summary
Historical Note
Scope and Contents Note
Restrictions
Index Terms
Administrative Information
Description of Series
Uruguayan unions, political, education, business, and grass roots organizations, 1963-1984, N.d.
Uruguay Government, 1970-1982,
N.d
International Organizations, 1972-1977,
N.d
Oversize Materials,
1968-1984, N.d
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Collection of Uruguayan Political Propaganda, 1963-1984
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Creator |
Uruguay |
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Title |
Collection of Uruguayan Political Propaganda |
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Dates: | 1963-1984 |
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Abstract |
Propaganda flyers, pamphlets, official documents, newsletters, communications, and correspondence created primarily during the presidencies of Jorge Pacheco Areco and Juan Maria Bordaberry. The documents were created by and about a broad range of organizations and interest groups, such as the Tupamaros and the Convención Nacional de Trabajadores, as well as the government of Uruguay.
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Accession No. |
2005-13 |
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OCLC Record No. |
268855095 |
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Extent |
1.5 linear feet, 1 oversize box |
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Language |
Spanish |
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Repository |
Benson Latin American Collection, The University of Texas at Austin |
The political and ideological struggles in Uruguay during the late 1960s and
early 1970s produced many ephemeral publications which were used by various
organizations and by the government for a variety of purposes: to state policy,
express opinions, advocate causes, question or denounce the views of others,
urge fellow citizens to act, advertise meetings, strikes, and demonstrations,
and support political candidates.
Several unions and political
organizations emerged from the political and economic crisis in Uruguay in the
1960s, including the Partido Nacional, Partido Demócrata Cristiano, Partido
Comunista, Frente Izquierda de Libertad, Convención Nacional de Trabajadores –
CNT, and the clandestine urban guerrilla movement, Movimiento de Liberación
Nacional - Tupamaros. Aimed at protecting the common citizen, the Tupamaro
movement began by robbing banks, gun clubs and other businesses in the early
1960s and distributing the stolen food and money among the poor in
Montevideo.
When President Oscar Gestido died in December 1967, Vice
President Jorge Pacheco Areco succeeded him. Within one week of taking office,
Pacheco issued a decree banning all leftist groups and their press. He also
implemented a new monetarist policy in 1968. The CNT and other groups protested
the new economic policies, leading the government to repress strikes, work
stoppages, and student demonstrations. The death of Liber Arce, a university
student, during one of the demonstrations served as a catalyst for various
protest groups, particularly the Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de
Uruguay – FEUU. Pacheco responded by creating a military state, imprisoning and
torturing political dissidents, and brutally repressing demonstrations.
During this period, the Tupamaros grew in strength, and their actions,
including robberies, denunciations, kidnappings, and killings, shook the
country and became known worldwide. Conflicts escalated between the government
and the Tupamaros and other leftist organizations until 100 Tupamaro prisoners
escaped in 1971 and Pacheco empowered the army to take charge of all
counter-guerrilla activity.
During the national elections in 1971, the
leftist organizations, including the Partido Comunista, Partido Socialista, and
Partido Demócrata Cristiano, united to form the Frente Amplio to oppose the
political sectors that supported Pacheco’s reelection. The Partido Nacional
split and liberal members of the party supported the reformist program of a new
movement, Por la Patria, led by Senator Wilson Ferreira Aldunate. In a highly
contested election, Pacheco’s handpicked successor, Juan Maria Bordaberry
Arocena, was elected in November and sworn in as president in March 1972.
Bordaberry’s administration continued the policies of its predecessor,
inciting protest from education, political, business, and grass roots
organizations. After a bloody shoot-out with the Tupamaros in April 1972,
Bordaberry declared a state of internal war and suspended all civil liberties.
By the end of the year, the army had decisively defeated the Tupamaros. The
military, with the support of Bordaberry, dissolved the General Assembly in
June 1973. Bordaberry established a de facto dictatorship that banned the CNT
and other alleged Marxist-Leninist organizations, and quelled dissident
activities by university students.
The military regime restricted
freedom of the press and association, as well as party political activity.
Thousands were accused of politically motivated crimes and imprisoned. Many
were tortured. Amnesty International calculated that in 1976 Uruguay had more
political prisoners per capita than any other nation on earth. During these
years, approximately 10 percent of Uruguay's population emigrated for political
or economic reasons. In June 1976, Bordaberry was forced to resign after
submitting a proposal to the military calling for the elimination of political
parties and the creation of a permanent dictatorship with himself as
president.
In 1977 the military government made public its political
plans to purge political parties, submit a new constitution, and give the
military virtual veto power over all government. In 1980, the armed forces
decided to legitimize themselves and were defeated when Uruguay's citizens went
to the polls. After the electoral defeat of the military's constitution,
retired Lieutenant General Gregorio Alvarez Armelino (1981-85), one of the
leaders of the coup, became president. After several more years of political
and economic crisis, the military acquiesced to the relegalization of the left
in 1984 and democratic elections were held in 1985. That same year the Tupamaro
were reorganized as a political party.
Works
Referenced:
Country Studies. “A Country Study: Uruguay.” Library
of Congress. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/uytoc.html (accessed October 16,
2008).
Return to the Table of Contents
The collection is comprised of the propaganda flyers,
pamphlets, official documents, newsletters, communications, and correspondence
created primarily during the presidencies of Jorge Pacheco Areco and Juan Maria
Bordaberry by and about various Uruguayan political, education, business, and
grass roots organizations, the government of Uruguay, and International
Organizations. Materials date from 1963 to 1984, with the bulk of the materials
dating from 1968-1974, and measure 1.5 linear feet. The collection is arranged
into four series: Uruguayan unions, political, education, business, and grass
roots organizations; Uruguay Government; International Organizations; and
Oversize Materials.
The first series,
Uruguayan unions, political,
education, business, and grass roots organizations, is arranged
alphabetically by organization name. This series contains flyers, pamphlets,
official documents, newsletters, communications, and correspondence created by
and about various organizations. Key organizations include Convención Nacional
de Trabajadores – CNT, Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de Uruguay –
FEUU, Frente Amplio – FA, Partido Comunista, Partido Nacional – PN, Por la
Patria, and the Tupamaros – Movimiento de Liberación Nacional.
Series
two, Uruguay Government, contains
official documents, newsletters, communications, and correspondence created by
the government of Uruguay. These documents concern, among other things,
education, the economic situation, political parties, and constitutional
guidelines.
Series three, International Organizations, contains correspondence
from various international organizations related to the political situation in
Uruguay. Key organizations include Amnesty International, Comisión
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos de la Organización de los Estados
Americanos, and International Commission of Jurists.
The fourth series
houses Oversize Materials. It
consists of items that were separated from series one, Uruguayan unions,
political, education, business, and grass roots organizations, because of size.
Photocopies of the originals can be found in the original folders from which
the documents were removed.
Return to the Table of Contents
Access Restrictions
Unrestricted.
Use Restrictions
Standard copyright restrictions apply.
Return to the Table of Contents
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The Collection of Uruguayan Political Propaganda are classified under the following Subject Headings in the University of
Texas Libraries catalog: |
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Subjects (Persons) |
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Bordaberry, Juan Maria |
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Ferreira Aldunate, Wilson,
1919- |
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Subjects
(Organizations) |
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Convención Nacional de Trabajadores |
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Federación de Estudiantes
Universitarios de Uruguay |
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Frente Amplio
(Uruguay) |
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Movimiento
de Liberación Nacional (Uruguay) |
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Movimiento Nacional Por la Patria
(Uruguay) |
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Partido
Comunista del Uruguay |
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Partido Nacional (Uruguay) |
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Subjects |
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Uruguay--Politics and
government--1904-1973 |
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Uruguay--Politics and government--1973-1985 |
Return to the Table of Contents
Cite as: Collection of Uruguayan Political Propaganda, Benson Latin American Collection, University of Texas Libraries, the University of Texas at Austin.
Return to the Table of Contents
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Uruguayan unions, political, education, business, and grass roots organizations, 1963-1984, N.d. |
box |
folder |
1 |
1 |
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Accion Gremial, 1971, N.d. |
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Agrupación 11, 1968 |
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Agrupación de Comunistas de
Coronet, 1972 |
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Agrupación Revolucionaria
de Montevideo, 1970 |
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Agrupaciones Rojas, 1972 |
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Asamblea Nacional y Popular de
la Enseñanza, 1972 |
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Asamblea
de Profesores, 1969-1970 |
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2 |
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Asociación de Bancarios del
Uruguay – AEBU, 1968-1974, N.d.
 Click here to enlarge
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3 |
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Asociación de Estudiantes de
Medicina – AEM, 1970 |
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Asociación de Estudiantes de Química, 1968 |
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Asociación de Estudiantes
Magisteriales de Montevideo – AEMM, 1973,
N.d. |
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Asociación Empleados de Enseñanza
Secundaria – AEDES, 1972 |
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Asociación de Funcionarios del Hospital de Clínicas – AFHC,
1972, N.d. |
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Asociación de la Prensa
Uruguaya, 1973, N.d. |
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Asociación de Oficiales de Reserva del Uruguay, 1969 |
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Asociación de Profesores de
Enseñanza Secundaria del Uruguay, 1968-1969 |
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Asociación de Profesores
Normalistas, N.d. |
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Asociación del Personal de la Enseñanza Privada, 1972 |
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4 |
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Banco Central del Uruguay, 1979 |
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Centro de Estudiantes Crnel. L.
Latorre – CEL, N.d. |
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Centro de
Estudiantes de Arquitectura – CEDA, 1970,
N.d. |
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Centro Estudiantes Humanidades – CEH,
N.d. |
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Centro de Estudiantes de
Odontología, 1972, N.d. |
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Centro de
Estudios de Ciencias Naturales, 1972 |
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Centro de Estudios Políticos –
CEP, 1974 |
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Coalición Renovadora de
Estudiantes Independientes – CREI, 1973 |
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Comisión de la Asociación de
Docentes de la Facultad de Química, 1971 |
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Comisión Interna Funcionarios
Caja 17, N.d. |
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Comité “Los 8 Héroes de la
20ª”, 1973 |
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5 |
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Comité de Familiares de Presos Políticos, 1971-1972, N.d. |
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6 |
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Comité de Lucha, 1974 |
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Comité de
Movilización, 1973, N.d. |
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Comité de
Movilización de la AEV, N.d. |
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Comité
del Base “26 de Marzo”, 1971 |
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Comunidades Cristianas, 1969 |
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Concentración Nacionalista “Juan
Di Sevo”, 1970 |
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Congreso de Trabajadores,
N.d. |
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Congreso Nacional del Movimiento
Nacional de Rocha, 1972 |
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Consejo
Nacional de Enseñanza Secundaria, 1968-1970 |
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Consejo Nacional Herrerrista,
1983 |
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7 |
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Convención Nacional de Trabajadores – CNT, |
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Flyers and pamphlets,
1968-1974, N.d. |
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8 |
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Official documents, 1970-1973,
N.d. |
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Newsletters, 1968-1975
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Communications, 1973, N.d.
 Click here to enlarge
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CNT in Buenos Aires, N.d. |
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9 |
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Convención Universitaria de Estudiantes, 1960 |
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Coordinadora Cerrito de la
Victoria, 1973, N.d. |
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Coordinadora de Estudiantes de Secundaria del Uruguay – CESU,
1968-1971, N.d. |
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Coordinadora
de Gremiales de la Enseñanza Pública, 1969-1972,
N.d. |
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Coordinadora de Institutos de la Zona,
1972 |
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Estudiantes del Fernan Pucurull,
1971 |
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Estudiantes del Instituto de
Profesores, N.d. |
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Estudiantes del Instituto Julio Sposito Ex Suarez, 1973 |
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Estudiantes Nacionalistas,
1972 |
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Facultad de Medicina,
1973 |
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Federación ANCAP, 1972 |
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Federación de Docentes
Universitarios, N.d. |
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10 |
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Federación de Estudiantes
Universitarios de Uruguay – FEUU, |
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Flyers and pamphlets,
1968-1974, N.d. |
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11 |
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Official documents, N.d. |
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Newsletters, 1968-1972 |
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Communications, 1968-1972, N.d. |
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12 |
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Federación de Funcionarios de la Universidad, 1968 |
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Federación Nacional de
Profesores, N.d. |
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Federación Nacional de Profesores de Enseñanza Secundaria del
Uruguay, 1970-1971 |
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Federación Uruguaya de Docentes y Administrativos de la Universidad
del Trabajo – FUDAUT, 1968-1973,
N.d. |
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Federación Uruguaya de Funcionarios de
Entidades Medico Mutuales, 1970 |
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Federación Uruguaya de la Salud – FUS, 1971,
N.d. |
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Fondo de Solidaridad, N.d. |
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13 |
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Frente Amplio – FA, |
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Flyers and pamphlets,
1971-1984, N.d. |
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14 |
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Official documents, 1971,
N.d. |
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Newsletters, "Noticias" 1972-1973
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Communications, 1971-1973,
N.d. |
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15 |
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Frente Estudiantil Revolucionario – FER, 1971-1972, N.d. |
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Frente Izquierda de Liberación,
1971, N.d. |
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Comité Nacional Femenina del
Frente Izquierda de Liberación, 1972 |
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Frente Nacional de le Juventud
Herrerista, N.d. |
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Funcionarios Facultad de Derecho, 1968 |
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16 |
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Gremial Profesores de Montevideo – GPM, 1968-1973, N.d. |
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17 |
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Grito de Asencio, 1970-1971 |
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Grupos de Acción Nacionalista
Oriental – GANO, N.d. |
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Grupo de
Bancarios, 1969 |
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Grupo
Espartaco, 1971 |
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Idea y Acción,
1968 |
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Instituto Magisterial de
Montevideo, N.d. |
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Integremial Facultad de Arquitectura, 1973 |
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Izquierda Revolucionaria
Batllista, N.d. |
box |
folder |
2 |
1 |
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Juventudes Nacionalistas, 1972 |
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Juventud de la Unión Blanca
Democrática (UBD), N.d. |
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Juventud
con Wilson, N.d. |
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“Los 33,”
N.d. |
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Mesa Zonal Ciudad Vieja,
1968 |
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Movimiento Bancario
Nacionalista, 1969 |
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Movimiento Coordinador del Magisterio de Montevideo, N.d. |
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Movimiento por la Defensa de los
Derechos Humanos, 1972 |
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Movimiento de Defensa de los Libertades y la Soberanía, 1969, N.d. |
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Movimiento Estudiantil Nacional
– MEN, N.d. |
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Movimiento de
Independientes, Sector Estudiantil, 1971 |
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Movimiento Nacional Demócrata,
N.d. |
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Movimiento Nacional Femenino,
1968 |
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Movimiento Nacional de la
Piedras, N.d. |
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Movimiento Nueva
Generación, N.d. |
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Movimiento Poder Joven, N.d. |
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Movimiento de Recuperación
Nacional – MRN, N.d. |
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Movimiento Revolucionario 8 de Octubre, 1968 |
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Movimiento de Trabajadores
Nacionalistas – MTN, N.d. |
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2 |
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Movimiento Universitario
Nacionalista – MUN, 1972-1973,
N.d. |
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3 |
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Nueva Acción Femenina – NAF, 1968 |
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Obispo y su Consejo del
Presbiterio de Montevideo, 1973 |
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Obreros
de ANCAP, 1973 |
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Organización Gremial de
Funcionarios, Docentes, Administrativos y de Servicio de la Universidad del
Trabajo del Uruguay – OMTUTU, 1973 |
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Orientales Demócratas,
N.d. |
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Orientales Unidos, 1973 |
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Padres y Profesores del
Instituto Larrañaga, 1970 |
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Paraninfo
de la Universidad, N.d. |
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4 |
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Partido Comunista,
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Flyers and pamphlets, 1973-1975,
N.d. |
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5 |
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Official documents,
1974 |
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Newsletters, 1968-1980 |
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Communications, 1973-1974 |
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6 |
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Unión
de Juventud Comunista – UJC, , 1972-1974,
N.d. |
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7 |
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Partido Demócrata Cristiana, 1973,
N.d. |
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Juventud Demócrata Cristiana, 1968,
N.d. |
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8 |
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Partido Nacional – PN, |
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Flyers and pamphlets,
1971-1975, N.d. |
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9 |
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Official documents, 1966-1980,
N.d.
 Click here to enlarge
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Newsletters, 1973-1974 |
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10 |
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Communications, Correspondence, 1972-1984,
N.d. |
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11 |
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Letters from Wilson Ferreira
Aldunate, 1973-1980, N.d. |
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12 |
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Juventud del Partido Nacional,
1970-1980, N.d. |
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13 |
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Partido Socialista,
1969-1971, N.d. |
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14 |
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Patriotas Orientales,
1972 |
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Personal de “Extra,”
1969 |
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Plenario de Organizaciones
Populares, 1973 |
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15 |
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Por la Patria, 1972-1984, N.d.
 Click here to enlarge
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Comité Femenino “Por la Patria,”
1971, N.d. |
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Juventud del Movimiento Por la
Patria, N.d. |
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14 |
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Pueblo Nacionalista,
N.d. |
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Pueblo Oriental, 1973 |
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Juventud del Pueblo Oriental, 1975 |
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Resistencia Obrero-Estudiantil –
REO, 1969-1971, N.d. |
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16 |
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Sindicato Médico del
Uruguay, 1968-1973, N.d. |
box |
folder |
3 |
1 |
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Sala de Profesores del
Instituto Batlle y Ordoñez, 1969 |
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Secretaria Ejecutiva Departamento Educación Católica – SEDEC,
1984 |
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Sindicato de Funcionarios
no-Docentes de la Educación Primaria, N.d. |
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Sindicato de Obreros y Empleados
de Manzanares – SOEM, 1971 |
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Sindicato
Único Nacional del Construcción y Anexos – SUNCA, 1973 |
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Sociedad Uruguaya Republicana
Demócrata, 1971 |
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2 |
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Tupamaros – Movimiento de Liberación
Nacional – MLN, 1968-1972, N.d.
 Click here to enlarge
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3 |
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Unión de Artistas Plásticos
Contemporáneos, 1965 |
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Unión
Nacional Reeleccionista – UNR, 1971 |
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Unión Nacionalista, 1984 |
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Universidad de la Rocha, 1972 |
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Uruguayos Demócratas del “Banza”, 1971 |
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Vanguardia, 1971 |
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4 |
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Various Organizations – unknown acronyms |
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ADEOM, 1968 |
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AEA, 1973,
N.d. |
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AFFV, N.d. |
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CEIA, N.d. |
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CEIEC, N.d. |
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CEIPA, 1971,
N.d. |
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COA, N.d. |
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COFE, N.d. |
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ENE, 1973 |
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FAU, N.d. |
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FONCRA, N.d. |
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FUNSA, 1972 |
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IPA, N.d. |
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JUP, 1972 |
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PDC, N.d. |
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PIT, N.d. |
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Unidentified Organizations, |
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Flyers and pamphlets,
1968-1983 |
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6 |
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Flyers and pamphlets,
N.d. |
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7 |
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Newsletters, 1968-1980, N.d. |
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8 |
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Communications, 1968-1975,
N.d. |
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Clippings, 1971-1984,
N.d. |
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9 |
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Other, 1968-1973, N.d. |
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General government and
political parties, 1980, N.d. |
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10 |
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Elections, 1963-1983,
N.d. |
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International printed materials, 1969-1979,
N.d. |
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Uruguay Government, 1970-1982,
N.d |
box |
folder |
3 |
11 |
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Official documents, 1970-1982 |
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12 |
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Official documents, N.d. |
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Newsletter, 1975 |
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Correspondence, communications, 1971-1979,
N.d. |
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International Organizations, 1972-1977,
N.d |
box |
folder |
3 |
13 |
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Amnesty International, 1972 |
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Comisión Interamericana de
Derechos Humanos de la Organización de los Estados Americanos, 1977 |
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Consejo Mundial de la Paz,
1974 |
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International Commission of
Jurists, 1974 |
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Senado de la República de
Venezuela, N.d. |
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United States
Government, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, 1977 |
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Washington Office on Latin
America - WOLA, 1977 |
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Oversize Materials,
1968-1984, N.d |
box |
folder |
4 |
1 |
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Asociación de Bancarios del Uruguay – AEBU, N.d. |
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Centro de Estudios de Ciencias
Naturales, 1972 |
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Coordinadora
de Gremiales de la Enseñanza Pública, 1969 |
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Federación de Estudiantes
Universitarios de Uruguay – FEUU, 1968-1971 |
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Federación Uruguaya de Docentes
y Administrativos de la Universidad del Trabajo – FUDAUT, 1973 |
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Frente Amplio – FA, N.d. |
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2 |
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Nueva Acción Femenina – NAF, 1968 |
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Paraninfo de la Universidad,
N.d. |
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Partido Nacional, 1971, N.d. |
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Juventud del Partido Nacional, 1970 |
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Partido Socialista, N.d. |
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Pueblo Nacionalista,
N.d. |
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Por la Patria, 1984 |
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Sindicato Médico del Uruguay,
1968 |
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3 |
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Unidentified Organizations, |
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Clippings, 1971-1984 |
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Other, |
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Elections, 1963-1967 |
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International printed materials,
1969-1974, N.d. |
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